“Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha” was established in the year 1918 by our beloved Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi with the sole aim of propagating Hindi in southern States. The first Pracharak was none other than Devadoss Gandhi, son of Mahatma Gandhi. “Hindi Prachar” was a movement that emerged as part of Freedom Movement. Mahatma Gandhi was its President till he breathed his last.
A couple of days back Union Home Minister Amit Shah ignited a Nationwide debate with his statement that Hindi should be popularised all over India because the language would unite the country. The immediate reaction came from South India, particularly Tamil Nadu and, of course, from Karnataka as well. There was strong objection to what the Home Minister had said. The Opposition Parties immediately declared that it was the Centre’s attempt to impose Hindi on other States.
Using slogan-like language, media screamed that Amit Shah pitched for “One Nation, One Language.” How is it rational even for a Hindu fanatic and feasible in India with many languages? Purpose of learning any language is for ease of communication thereby ease of understanding our country men. Problem begins with too-much of politicising.
After Independence, India was geographically reorganised on the basis of language thus creating linguistic States with each State having its own principal language. However, English has been accepted as the link language for the Central Government as also between different States for administrative purpose.
The protest against the idea of making Hindi the National Language and making it compulsory for all educational institutions to teach had led to violent protest even during Nehru’s days. However, once the Central Government dropped the idea, so to say, of imposing Hindi, peace returned to non-Hindi speaking States.
The objection seems to be for imposing Hindi on non-Hindi States as a compulsory subject in Schools and Colleges. The earlier education policy was to teach three languages — namely, the principal language of the State like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam etc., along with Hindi and English. It is said when Hindi was literally thrown out of Tamil Nadu, there came up what was known as Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha run by private individuals and organisations.
I have lived outside Karnataka for 14 years where apart from the local language Marathi, Hindi was the language spoken among the business and trading communities. English too was used. As a result, I being from Karnataka, without spoken or written knowledge of Hindi, was very much handicapped, both in my office and outside. The only saving grace was in the 1950s when I was in the High School, Hindi was an optional language. Somehow, I had chosen to take it primarily because it would enable me to get some grace marks for my total. Indeed, it had helped me then. And, when I was in Bombay with my smattering knowledge of Hindi and my ability to read the alphabets did help me to manage my days. Of course, English was the strong point.
I have found during this period many South Indians with employable skills like knowledge of shorthand, accountancy and industrial skills struggling to improve their career due to their lack of knowledge of Hindi, not so much the local languages like Marathi or Gujarati. I have observed that those with knowledge of Hindi were able to get into the mainstream of their professional fraternity and come up in their career while others without knowledge of Hindi or making an effort to learn it, fell by the wayside. In retrospect, I too belong to the latter class.
Be that as it may, the present focus on Hindi has resurfaced not because of what our Home Minister Amit Shah said a few days ago but because of the Report of the Committee for Draft National Education Policy chaired by Dr. K. Kasturirangan. It was constituted by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) in June 2017 during the first term in Office of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The Committee submitted its Report on May 31, 2019 and once again there were objections galore for the Report. The Draft Policy provides reforms at all levels of education from School to Higher Education. It had many dimensions in it for a National Education Policy.
However, what created a storm was what was written in one paragraph of the Report which said, “…the study of languages by students in the non-Hindi-speaking States would include the regional language, Hindi and English.”
Immediately, DMK leader M.K. Stalin raised a flag of protest and warned the Government not to throw stones at the beehive. A news magazine published an article where the Report was described as the work of Hindi fanatics forgetting there are so many other positive aspects related to education in that Report.
One article had said that by imposing Hindi on all parts of the country, the Hindi fanatics are planning to achieve their goal of Hindu Rashtra etc., etc. I learn that a young boy in his impressionist age can easily learn three languages simultaneously. Swami Vivekananda had said, “Knowledge is Power” and I believe knowledge of more than one language, including the mother-tongue, is surely a great acquisition of power. Practice of these languages, depending upon the requirement of the situation, is the key to success — the key that will open the lock of the treasure chest and provide job opportunities.
Therefore, in a multi-lingual country like India, the whole of North India, though has different local languages like in Punjab, Bengal, Bihar, North-Eastern States etc., also speak Hindi. Of course, in many cases their mother-tongues are similar to Hindi. As a result, according to 2011 census, the number of people speaking the Indo-Aryan languages, similar to Hindi, is 78.05 percent. And the percentage of people speaking Dravidian languages (South Indians) is 19.64 percent.
Probably, Amit Shah thinks, based on his reading of Dr. Kasturirangan Report, that it would be good for the people who are industrialists, traders, even educationalists if they also know Hindi along with their mother-tongue and English which in case they are learning.
My experience tells me that the bottomline for learning another language, apart from your mother-tongue, is bread, butter and whiskey. Which is why, I see youngsters learning Japanese, German, French and Russian languages to seek greener pastures and succeed.
Jai Hind !
e-mail: kbg@starofmysore.com
This post was published on September 18, 2019 7:25 pm