India moved a step closer to becoming a unified market in line with the federalist vision of the architects of its Constitution with the passage of the GST Bill in the Parliament yesterday, which extends pan-India except to Jammu and Kashmir for now.

Jammu and Kashmir will need to pass all four bills in its State Assembly, on account of its special powers on taxation under the Constitution.

The Lok Sabha passed the much-awaited Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Bill, Integrated GST Bill, Compensation GST Bill and Union Territory GST Bill 2017, after negating all the amendments put forward by the Opposition. The four GST Bills were passed after an eight-hour marathon debate in the Lower House.

The government is targeting the roll-out date of July 1 for the new indirect tax regime. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said that goods may become “slightly cheaper” once all other taxes are removed after implementation of GST. Replying to the debate on the four bills in the Lok Sabha, he said all other taxes like entry tax in States will be removed once the GST is in place.

“Once all other taxes are removed, the cascading effect is removed, goods will become slightly cheaper,” he said. Noting that both the Central and State governments are pooling their sovereignty to have this  tax regime, Jaitley noted that India, despite being one political entity, remained different economic entities with States having different taxes.

“Centre and States both pooled sovereignty into one Council. It is India’s first federal decision making authority,” he said. The GST will subsume various indirect levies of the Centre and States like service tax, excise duty, Octroi and Value Added Tax (VAT).

The CGST Bill will enable levy and collection of tax on intra-State supply of goods and services or both by the Central government. Actual tax rates would be as per a four-tier  rate structure of 5, 12, 18 and 28 per cent as approved by the GST Council.

Clarifying on the tax rate on petroleum products in the regime, Jaitley said that the Council has decided that the petroleum products though they have been included under GST, will remain zero rated as of now.

Jaitley said that once implemented GST will have a significant impact on the taxation system as the entire system will be restructured. He said that the nature of economic activity today is changing and the objective of GST is to have “free flow of goods and services pan-India, with one tax and one interface with one assessing officer.” The system will be more efficient, is not easy to breach and has higher compliance, he added.